This bug also crashes "mplayer" but not "mpv".  I compiled mesa 18.0.3 from source and got a more informative stack trace, though many parameters are still "optimized out":

r300: DRM version: 2.50.0, Name: ATI RS480, ID: 0x5975, GB: 2, Z: 1
r300: GART size: 509 MB, VRAM size: 128 MB
r300: AA compression RAM: YES, Z compression RAM: YES, HiZ RAM: NO
r300: DRM version: 2.50.0, Name: ATI RS480, ID: 0x5975, GB: 2, Z: 1
r300: GART size: 509 MB, VRAM size: 128 MB
r300: AA compression RAM: YES, Z compression RAM: YES, HiZ RAM: NO
Core: Setting 32-bit video mode: 640x480
r300: DRM version: 2.50.0, Name: ATI RS480, ID: 0x5975, GB: 2, Z: 1
r300: GART size: 509 MB, VRAM size: 128 MB
r300: AA compression RAM: YES, Z compression RAM: YES, HiZ RAM: NO
r300: DRM version: 2.50.0, Name: ATI RS480, ID: 0x5975, GB: 2, Z: 1
r300: GART size: 509 MB, VRAM size: 128 MB
r300: AA compression RAM: YES, Z compression RAM: YES, HiZ RAM: NO
Video Warning: Failed to set GL_SWAP_CONTROL to 0. (it's 24)
Video Warning: Failed to set GL_BUFFER_SIZE to 32. (it's 24)
Video Warning: Failed to set GL_DEPTH_SIZE to 16. (it's 24)
Video: Using OpenGL: X.Org R300 Project - ATI RS480 : 2.1 Mesa 18.0.3

Thread 1 "mupen64plus" received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
0xb4c12200 in ?? ()
(gdb) where
#0  0xb4c12200 in ?? ()
#1  0xb35b5bfb in llvm_pipeline_generic (middle=0x6964c0, middle@entry=0x64aa80, 
    fetch_info=fetch_info@entry=0xbffb688c, in_prim_info=in_prim_info@entry=0xbffb689c)
    at draw/draw_pt_fetch_shade_pipeline_llvm.c:400
#2  0xb35b62af in llvm_middle_end_linear_run (middle=0x64aa80, start=0, count=<optimized out>, 
    prim_flags=0) at draw/draw_pt_fetch_shade_pipeline_llvm.c:553
#3  0xb34b04db in vsplit_segment_simple_linear (vsplit=0x648420, vsplit=0x648420, icount=4, istart=0, 
    flags=0) at draw/draw_pt_vsplit_tmp.h:226
#4  vsplit_run_linear (frontend=0x648420, start=0, count=4) at draw/draw_split_tmp.h:60
#5  0xb34a8140 in draw_pt_arrays (draw=draw@entry=0x552810, prim=6, start=0, count=4)
    at draw/draw_pt.c:149
#6  0xb34a8677 in draw_vbo (draw=<optimized out>, info=<optimized out>) at draw/draw_pt.c:564
#7  0xb35e41bb in r300_swtcl_draw_vbo (pipe=0x5124f0, info=0xbffb6a70) at r300_render.c:862
#8  0xb34f3fd6 in util_draw_arrays_instanced (mode=PIPE_PRIM_TRIANGLE_FAN, start=0, count=4, 
    start_instance=0, instance_count=1, pipe=0x5124f0) at ./util/u_draw.h:106
#9  blitter_draw (ctx=<optimized out>, vertex_elements_cso=<optimized out>, 
    get_vs=0xb34f3790 <get_vs_passthrough_pos>, x1=0, y1=0, x2=640, y2=480, depth=1, num_instances=1)
    at util/u_blitter.c:1257
#10 0xb34f4176 in util_blitter_draw_rectangle (blitter=<optimized out>, 
    vertex_elements_cso=<optimized out>, get_vs=<optimized out>, x1=<optimized out>, 
    y1=<optimized out>, x2=<optimized out>, y2=480, depth=1, num_instances=1, 
    type=UTIL_BLITTER_ATTRIB_NONE, attrib=0xbffb6ba4) at util/u_blitter.c:1291
#11 0xb35e63f5 in r300_blitter_draw_rectangle (blitter=0x528760, vertex_elements_cso=0x682830, 
    get_vs=0xb34f3790 <get_vs_passthrough_pos>, x1=0, y1=0, x2=640, y2=480, depth=1, num_instances=1, 
    type=UTIL_BLITTER_ATTRIB_NONE, attrib=0xbffb6ba4) at r300_render.c:1139
#12 0xb34f6dc7 in util_blitter_clear_custom (blitter=0x528760, width=640, height=480, num_layers=1, 
    clear_buffers=1, color=0x628634, depth=1, stencil=0, custom_dsa=0x0, custom_blend=0x0)
    at util/u_blitter.c:1411
#13 0xb34f6f33 in util_blitter_clear (blitter=<optimized out>, width=<optimized out>, 
    height=<optimized out>, num_layers=<optimized out>, clear_buffers=<optimized out>, 
    color=<optimized out>, depth=<optimized out>, stencil=0) at util/u_blitter.c:1428
#14 0xb35d828e in r300_clear (pipe=0x5124f0, buffers=1, color=0x628634, depth=1, stencil=0)
    at r300_blit.c:368
#15 0xb329d564 in st_Clear (ctx=<optimized out>, mask=<optimized out>)
    at state_tracker/st_cb_clear.c:483
#16 0xb30d455c in clear (no_error=false, mask=<optimized out>, ctx=0x627140) at main/clear.c:221
#17 _mesa_Clear (mask=<optimized out>) at main/clear.c:242
#18 0xb4ca782d in ?? () from /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/mupen64plus/mupen64plus-video-rice.so
#19 0xb4c93574 in ?? () from /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/mupen64plus/mupen64plus-video-rice.so
#20 0xb4c81475 in RomOpen () from /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/mupen64plus/mupen64plus-video-rice.so
#21 0xb6406c0c in ?? () from /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libmupen64plus.so.2
#22 0xb6407618 in CoreDoCommand () from /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libmupen64plus.so.2
#23 0x00402d50 in main ()

I fixed this problem by downgrading libgl1-mesa-dri, libgl1-mesa-glx, libglapi-mesa, and mesa-vdpau-drivers to version 11.2.0 from the Ubuntu 16.04 .deb files. I could have also used Mesa 17.0.3 from the Ubuntu 17.04 distro, but Ubuntu deleted those .deb files and all mirrors of them.

Let me know if you want anything tested, preferably binaries because it takes hours to build Mesa on this 2007-vintage computer.

Check out bug 106533.  It was also a SEGV in llvm_pipeline_generic.  There is a patch.

Thanks, Roland's patch fixed the mupen64plus crash but not the mplayer crash, which happens in libvdpau_r300.so.1  I don't know where the source code for that file is; it's not in mesa-18.0.5 or in libvdpau-1.1.

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