Gdb tells:
--------------------------------------
(gdb) bt
#0  try_lower_tex_ycbcr (tex=0x7fffef8e2430, builder=0x7ffff3327b70, layout=0x7fffef8249c0)
    at src/intel/vulkan/anv_nir_lower_ycbcr_textures.c:328
#1  anv_nir_lower_ycbcr_textures (shader=shader@entry=0x7fffee3037e0, 
    layout=layout@entry=0x7fffef8249c0)
    at src/intel/vulkan/anv_nir_lower_ycbcr_textures.c:464
#2  0x00007ffff23d7730 in anv_pipeline_lower_nir (pipeline=pipeline@entry=0x7fffef005620, 
    mem_ctx=mem_ctx@entry=0x7fffef133700, stage=stage@entry=0x7ffff33313b0, 
    layout=layout@entry=0x7fffef8249c0)
    at src/intel/vulkan/anv_pipeline.c:500
#3  0x00007ffff23d9fef in anv_pipeline_compile_graphics (pipeline=pipeline@entry=0x7fffef005620, 
    cache=cache@entry=0x7fffef0d1300, info=info@entry=0x7ffff33371d0)
    at src/intel/vulkan/anv_pipeline.c:1034
#4  0x00007ffff23db7bc in anv_pipeline_init (pipeline=pipeline@entry=0x7fffef005620, 
    device=device@entry=0x7fffec37f460, cache=cache@entry=0x7fffef0d1300, 
    pCreateInfo=pCreateInfo@entry=0x7ffff33371d0, alloc=0x7fffec37f468, alloc@entry=0x0)
    at src/intel/vulkan/anv_pipeline.c:1463
#5  0x00007ffff24fa676 in gen9_graphics_pipeline_create (pPipeline=0x7fffee3562d0, pAllocator=0x0, 
    pCreateInfo=0x7ffff33371d0, cache=0x7fffef0d1300, _device=0x7fffec37f460)
    at src/intel/vulkan/genX_pipeline.c:1787
#6  gen9_CreateGraphicsPipelines (_device=0x7fffec37f460, pipelineCache=0x7fffef0d1300, count=1, 
    pCreateInfos=<optimized out>, pAllocator=0x0, pPipelines=0x7fffee3562d0)
    at src/intel/vulkan/genX_pipeline.c:2001

(gdb) disassemble try_lower_tex_ycbcr
   0x00007ffff23d1549 <+281>:	mov    0x80(%r14),%ecx
   0x00007ffff23d1550 <+288>:	mov    0x78(%r14),%rsi
323:
   0x00007ffff23d1581 <+337>:	lea    0x44f7f8(%rip),%rcx
   0x00007ffff23d1588 <+344>:	lea    0x44f489(%rip),%rsi
   0x00007ffff23d158f <+351>:	lea    0x44f52a(%rip),%rdi
   0x00007ffff23d1596 <+358>:	mov    $0x143,%edx
   0x00007ffff23d159b <+363>:	callq  0x7ffff239bbf0 <__assert_fail@plt>
   0x00007ffff23d15a0 <+368>:	test   %eax,%eax
   0x00007ffff23d15a2 <+370>:	js     0x7ffff23d1581 <anv_nir_lower_ycbcr_textures+337>
   0x00007ffff23d15a4 <+372>:	cltq   
   0x00007ffff23d15a6 <+374>:	shl    $0x6,%rax
   0x00007ffff23d15aa <+378>:	add    %rax,%rsi
324-327:
   0x00007ffff23d162c <+508>:	movslq 0x3c(%rdx),%rax
   0x00007ffff23d163c <+524>:	shl    $0x4,%rax
328:
=> 0x00007ffff23d2458 <+4136>:	mov    0x3c,%eax
   0x00007ffff23d245f <+4143>:	ud2    
   0x00007ffff23d2461 <+4145>:	nopl   0x0(%rax)

(gdb) info registers rdx rax eax
rdx            0x7fffef424aa0	140737207487136
rax            0x5	5
eax            0x5	5

(gdb) up
#1  anv_nir_lower_ycbcr_textures (shader=shader@entry=0x7fffee3037e0, 
    layout=layout@entry=0x7fffef8249c0)
    at src/intel/vulkan/anv_nir_lower_ycbcr_textures.c:464
464	in src/intel/vulkan/anv_nir_lower_ycbcr_textures.c
(gdb) info locals
tex = <optimized out>
instr = 0x7fffef8e2430
__next = 0x7fffeef001c0
block = <optimized out>
function_progress = false
builder = {cursor = {option = nir_cursor_before_block, {block = 0x0, instr = 0x0}}, exact = false, 
  shader = 0x7fffee3037e0, impl = 0x7fffef919690}
function = <optimized out>
progress = <optimized out>
(gdb) print *instr
$2 = {node = {next = 0x7fffeef001c0, prev = 0x7fffeef00090}, block = 0x7fffef92d170, 
  type = nir_instr_type_tex, pass_flags = 1 '\001', index = 0}
(gdb) print *__next
$3 = {node = {next = 0x7fffeef002f0, prev = 0x7fffef8e2430}, block = 0x7fffef92d170, 
  type = nir_instr_type_alu, pass_flags = 1 '\001', index = 0}
--------------------------------------

Source code corresponding to try_lower_tex_ycbcr disassembly around the crash is:
--------------------------------------
322: int deref_src_idx = nir_tex_instr_src_index(tex, nir_tex_src_texture_deref);
323: assert(deref_src_idx >= 0);
324: nir_deref_instr *deref = nir_src_as_deref(tex->src[deref_src_idx].src);

326: nir_variable *var = nir_deref_instr_get_variable(deref);
327: const struct anv_descriptor_set_layout *set_layout =
328:   layout->set[var->data.descriptor_set].layout;
--------------------------------------

To me it seems that deref got invalid address.

Problem here is that there is a cast between texture instruction and the variable :

	vec1 32 ssa_72 = deref_var &shadow_map (uniform sampler2DShadow) 
	vec1 32 ssa_73 = deref_cast (sampler2DShadow *)ssa_72 (function sampler2DShadow) 
	vec2 32 ssa_74 = vec2 ssa_57, ssa_58
	vec1 32 ssa_75 = tex ssa_73 (texture_deref), ssa_73 (sampler_deref), ssa_74 (coord), ssa_59 (comparator), 


But the nir_deref_instr_get_variable() will stop on a cast and return NULL.
Maybe Jason has more background on what to do here?

I am getting so tired of maintaining this workaround.... In any case, patches are now on the list that work around it some more:

https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/series/55099/

Fixed by the following commit in master:

commit b57c1ec4219f01bfdb98bcab8fca4c44e87bd1a4
Author: Jason Ekstrand <jason.ekstrand@intel.com>
Date:   Fri Jan 11 14:17:24 2019 -0600

    spirv: Whack sampler/image pointers to uniform
    
    A long time in a galaxy far far away, there was a GLSLang bug with how
    it handled samplers passed in as function parameters.  (The bug can be
    found here: https://github.com/KhronosGroup/glslang/issues/179.)
    Unfortunately, that version was shipped in several apps and has been
    causing heartburn for our SPIR-V parser ever since.
    
    Recent changes to NIR uncovered a moderately old bug in how we work
    around this issue.  In particular, we ended up with a deref_cast from
    uniform to local which is not a no-op cast so nir_opt_deref wasn't
    getting rid of the cast.  The only reason why it worked before was
    because someone just happened to call nir_fixup_deref_modes which
    "fixed" the cast (that shouldn't be happening) and then a later round of
    copy-prop would get rid of it.  The fact that the deref_cast survived
    that long without causing trouble for other parts of NIR is a bit
    surprising.
    
    Just whacking the mode of the pointer seems to fix it fairly
    unobtrusively.  Currently, only apps with this bug will have a local
    variable containing an image or sampler.

Verified, works fine on all Vulkan platforms again.