xdg_mime_get_mime_type_for_file() returns application/octet-stream for files without a recognized extension. If I understand correctly the spec, some effort should be done to distinguish between binary files and text files: "If nothing matches, the default type of application/octet-stream should be used for binary data, or text/plain for textual data. Checking the first 32 bytes of the file for ASCII control characters is a good way to guess whether a file is binary or text, but note that files with high-bit-set characters should still be treated as text since these can appear in UTF-8 text, unlike control characters." gnomevfs does this in _gnome_vfs_get_mime_type_internal(), calling _gnome_vfs_sniff_buffer_looks_like_text().
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