Adding CFLAGS="-isysroot /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk" to configure gets past the error stated in the original post.   However, make crashes on cairo-quartz-surface.lo with the following:

 CC     cairo-quartz-surface.lo
In file included from /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreServices.framework/Frameworks/CarbonCore.framework/Headers/HFSVolumes.h:32,
                 from /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreServices.framework/Frameworks/CarbonCore.framework/Headers/CarbonCore.h:206,
                 from /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreServices.framework/Frameworks/AE.framework/Headers/AE.h:20,
                 from /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreServices.framework/Headers/CoreServices.h:21,
                 from /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Headers/ApplicationServices.h:20,
                 from cairo-quartz.h:43,
                 from cairo-quartz-private.h:44,
                 from cairo-quartz-surface.c:40:
/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/usr/include/hfs/hfs_format.h:765: error: expected specifier-qualifier-list before ‘uuid_string_t’
make[3]: *** [cairo-quartz-surface.lo] Error 1
make[2]: *** [all] Error 2
make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make: *** [all] Error 2

One thing to note...I am building for 64-bit only, not Universal.  So Carbon won't/shouldn't/can't be used, as Carbon is not 64-bit compatible.  Cocoa should be used with 64-bit compiling.

(In reply to comment #0)
> XCode 4 seems to have removed CoreGraphics, and integrated it with
> ApplicationServices.  So basically, Cairo will not build on Mac OSX until
> CoreGraphics dependency is replaced with ApplicationServices.

Cairo already looks for ApplicationServices with higher priority than CoreGraphics.
I'm unable to reproduce this problem. In fact, I get:

checking for cairo's Quartz surface backend feature... 
checking ApplicationServices/ApplicationServices.h usability... yes
checking ApplicationServices/ApplicationServices.h presence... yes
checking for ApplicationServices/ApplicationServices.h... yes
checking whether cairo's Quartz surface backend feature could be enabled... yes

Can you provide additional details about your build environment (env variables, config.log)?

> 
> 
> checking for cairo's Quartz surface backend feature... 
> checking ApplicationServices/ApplicationServices.h usability... no
> checking ApplicationServices/ApplicationServices.h presence... yes
> configure: WARNING: ApplicationServices/ApplicationServices.h: present but
> cannot be compiled

This should not happen: configure finds the header but believes that it cannot be used correctly.

> configure: WARNING: ApplicationServices/ApplicationServices.h:     check for
> missing prerequisite headers?
> configure: WARNING: ApplicationServices/ApplicationServices.h: see the Autoconf
> documentation
> configure: WARNING: ApplicationServices/ApplicationServices.h:     section
> "Present But Cannot Be Compiled"
> configure: WARNING: ApplicationServices/ApplicationServices.h: proceeding with
> the compiler's result
> configure: WARNING:     ##
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ##
> configure: WARNING:     ## Report this to
> http://bugs.freedesktop.org/enter_bug.cgi?product=cairo ##
> configure: WARNING:     ##
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ##
> checking for ApplicationServices/ApplicationServices.h... no
> checking CoreGraphics/CoreGraphics.h usability... no
> checking CoreGraphics/CoreGraphics.h presence... no
> checking for CoreGraphics/CoreGraphics.h... no
> checking whether cairo's Quartz surface backend feature could be enabled... no
> (requires CoreGraphics framework)
> configure: error:  Quartz surface backend feature could not be enabled

Please provide the information I asked for (env variables, config.log) and reopen if the problem still exists.