Same problem here with Czech (qwerty). Sometimes reported as "fi", sometimes as "de" and once even reported as header of .po file:

<snip>
Project-Id-Version: xkeyboard-config-2.3
Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: svu@users.sourceforge.net
POT-Creation-Date: 2011-05-17 21:08+0100\
PO-Revision-Date: 2011-05-30 00:55+0200
.
.
.
</snip>

Even layout does not work with this keyboard (unable to write "ěščřžý" characters)

(In reply to comment #1)
> Even layout does not work with this keyboard (unable to write "ěščřžý"
> characters)

Confirmed, forgot to mention or better, described this not very well. Characters with diacritics do not work, same as Martin wrote.

What is the version of GNOME are you using?

Also, could you please provide setxkbmap -print?

Gnome version 3.6.3

output of setxkbmap -print for xkeyboard-config-2.7.1:

xkb_keymap {
	xkb_keycodes  { include "evdev+aliases(qwertz)"	};
	xkb_types     { include "complete"	};
	xkb_compat    { include "complete"	};
	xkb_symbols   { include "pc+cz(qwerty)+cz:2+us:3+inet(evdev)"	};
	xkb_geometry  { include "pc(pc104)"	};
};

for xkeyboard-config-2.8.1:
xkb_keymap {
	xkb_keycodes  { include "evdev+aliases(qwerty)"	};
	xkb_types     { include "complete"	};
	xkb_compat    { include "complete"	};
	xkb_symbols   { include "pc+us+inet(evdev)"	};
	xkb_geometry  { include "pc(pc104)"	};
};

Created attachment 75889 [details]
gnome keyboard switcher broken

Also attaching screenshot of gnome keyboard switcher breakage with 2.8.1

(In reply to comment #3)
> What is the version of GNOME are you using?

Gnome 3.6.2

> Also, could you please provide setxkbmap -print?

xkeyboard-config-2.7.1:

xkb_keymap {
	xkb_keycodes  { include "evdev+aliases(qwerty)"	};
	xkb_types     { include "complete"	};
	xkb_compat    { include "complete"	};
	xkb_symbols   { include "pc+us+inet(evdev)+level3(ralt_switch)+eurosign(e)"	};
	xkb_geometry  { include "pc(pc104)"	};
};

Please try to configure your keyboard using

setxkbmap -layout cz,us -option ''

Will cz layout work in in that case?

I suspect it is GNOME 3.6 which is the worst release from XKB POV.

$ setxkbmap -layout cz_qwerty,us -option ''
$ setxkbmap -print
xkb_keymap {
	xkb_keycodes  { include "evdev+aliases(qwerty)"	};
	xkb_types     { include "complete"	};
	xkb_compat    { include "complete"	};
	xkb_symbols   { include "pc+cz(qwerty)+us:2+inet(evdev)"	};
	xkb_geometry  { include "pc(pc104)"	};
};

now cz(qwerty) works as expected (until I switch layout with gnome again)

My best regards to GNOME folks.

Thank you for your help.

Reported here https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=695113

sorry