pycairo 1.10.0 fails to build on CPython 3.4, because 3.4's python-config became a /bin/sh script. In CPython 3.3, python-config is a python script. This would be fine if python-config were allowed to get its interpreter via a #!, but pycairo tries to run the script via a python interpreter explicitly, which of course produces a syntax error.

The error looks like:
Checking for program python3.4-config              : /usr/local/cpython-3.4/bin/python-config
command ['/usr/local/cpython-3.4/bin/python', '/usr/local/cpython-3.4/bin/python-config', '--includes'] returned 1
  ./options()
  ./configure()

And the beginning of 3.4's python-config:
$ head /usr/local/cpython-3.4/bin/python-config
#!/bin/sh

# Keep this script in sync with python-config.in

exit_with_usage ()
{
    echo "Usage: $0 --prefix|--exec-prefix|--includes|--libs|--cflags|--ldflags|--extension-suffix|--help|--abiflags|--configdir"
    exit $1
}

But the beginning of 3.3's python-config looks like:
$ head /usr/local/cpython-3.3/bin/python-config
#!/usr/local/cpython-3.3/bin/python3.3m
# -*- python -*-

import getopt
import os
import sys
import sysconfig

valid_opts = ['prefix', 'exec-prefix', 'includes', 'libs', 'cflags',
              'ldflags', 'extension-suffix', 'help', 'abiflags', 'configdir']

Thanks.